Procurement & MRO Glossary
The key terms every industrial procurement professional should know — from supplier scorecards to spend anomalies.
B
Benchmark Delta
The difference between a supplier's score and the industry median for that dimension. Positive delta means above average; negative means below.
C
Composite Score
A single 0-100 score combining all supplier scorecard dimensions (delivery, service, compliance, spend) into one comparable metric, weighted by importance.
Credit Rating
A supplier's financial health indicator (AAA to D). Helps assess supplier stability and long-term viability.
Category Management
A procurement approach that organises purchasing by product category rather than by supplier, enabling strategic sourcing and consolidation.
Cost-Saving Opportunity
An identified area where procurement spend can be reduced — through price negotiation, supplier switching, consolidation, or anomaly resolution.
D
Delivery Promise
A supplier's commitment to deliver goods by a specific date. Tracked against actual delivery dates to calculate variance and on-time performance.
Duplicate Purchase
A spend anomaly where the same item is bought multiple times in the same period, often by different buyers, due to decentralised procurement.
M
MRO
Maintenance, Repair, and Operations. The category of supplies needed to keep facilities running but not part of the finished product — bearings, PPE, tools, lubricants, fasteners, electrical components, hydraulics.
MRO Procurement
The purchasing of Maintenance, Repair, and Operations supplies. Often fragmented across many suppliers and buyers, making it a prime area for consolidation and savings.
O
On-Time Delivery Rate
The percentage of deliveries that arrive on or before the promised date. Calculated as: (on-time deliveries / total deliveries) x 100.
Off-Contract Purchase
A spend anomaly where items are bought outside preferred supplier agreements, fragmenting spend and reducing negotiating leverage.
Overpayment
A spend anomaly where the paid price exceeds the contracted or benchmark price for an item.
P
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment. Safety gear worn by workers to reduce workplace hazards — safety glasses, gloves, hi-vis clothing, helmets, ear protection, safety footwear.
Price Variance
A spend anomaly where the same SKU is purchased at different prices across different POs, indicating potential negotiation or consolidation opportunities.
Procurement Intelligence
The practice of using data analysis and automation to generate actionable insights from procurement data — supplier performance, spend patterns, delivery trends, and savings opportunities.
Payment Terms
The agreed number of days a buyer has to pay an invoice (e.g., Net 30 = 30 days). Longer terms improve cash flow.
Purchase Order (PO)
A formal document authorising a supplier to supply goods or services at agreed prices. The foundation of spend tracking.
S
Supplier Scorecard
A structured evaluation tool that rates suppliers across key performance dimensions. MROiq scorecards cover delivery, service, compliance, and spend, each scored 0-100 and combined into a composite score.
Spend Anomaly
An irregularity in procurement data signalling potential waste or risk. Types include duplicate purchases, price variances, overpayments, and off-contract purchases.
Spend Visibility
The ability to see and analyse where procurement budget goes. Involves categorising spend by supplier, product type, and site to identify savings opportunities.
Supplier Benchmarking
Comparing a supplier's performance scores against industry medians and percentiles to determine if they're above or below average for their sector.
Supplier Audit
A structured evaluation of a supplier across defined dimensions using standardised questions. MROiq audits cover delivery, service, compliance, and spend.
SKU
Stock Keeping Unit. A unique identifier for each distinct product variant, used for tracking inventory and spend at the item level.
Supplier Consolidation
Reducing the number of suppliers for a given category to increase volume with remaining suppliers, improving pricing and simplifying management.
V
Variance Days
The difference between a promised delivery date and the actual delivery date, measured in days. Positive variance means late; negative means early.